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Mafirita makuru emvura eBerkey ane chinamato chinotevera. Isu tanga tichitsvaga akanakisa emvura sefa majagi uye akanakisa pasi pemasefa emvura ekunyura kwemakore, uye takabvunzwa nezveBig Berkey kakawanda. Mugadziri anoti sefa iyi inogona kubvisa tsvina yakawanda kupfuura mamwe mafirita. Nekudaro, kusiyana nemamwe mafirita sarudzo, Big Berkey haina kuzvimiririra yakazvimiririra kune NSF/ANSI zviyero.
Mushure memaawa makumi mashanu ekutsvagisa uye yakazvimirira yekuyedzwa kwerabhu yezvakarehwa nemugadziri Big Berkey, mhedzisiro yedu yebvunzo, pamwe nemhedzisiro yeimwe lab yatakataura nayo uye yechitatu lab ine mhedzisiro inowanikwa pachena, hazvienderane zvachose. Isu tinotenda kuti izvi zvakare zvinoratidza kukosha kweNSF/ANSI certification: inobvumira vanhu kuita sarudzo dzekutenga zvichienderana neapuro-to-apuro kuenzanisa kwakavimbika. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvo iyo Big Berkey sisitimu yakakura, inodhura, uye yakanyanya kuoma kuchengetedza kupfuura pasi-inonyura pitchers uye mafirita, isu hatiikurudzire kunyangwe yakatenderwa.
Berkey countertop masisitimu uye mafirita anodhura zvakanyanya pane mamwe mafirita emvura sarudzo uye haaite nyore kushandisa. Zvikumbiro zvekushanda kwevagadziri hazvina kuzvimiririra kumitemo yenyika.
New Millennium Concepts, mugadziri weBig Berkey, anoti sefa inogona kubvisa zvinodarika zana zvinosvibisa, izvo zvakanyanya kudarika mamwe mafirita anodyiswa simba atakaongorora. Takaedza zvichemo izvi pamwero wakaganhurirwa, uye mhedzisiro yedu yaisaenderana nguva dzose nemhedzisiro yerabhoritari yakapihwa neNew Millennium. Kunyanya, mhedzisiro kubva murabhoritari yatakatuma uye kubva murabhoritari New Millennium yakanga ichangobva kuita kondirakiti yakaratidza kuti kusefa kwechloroform kwaisashanda seyechitatu bvunzo yapfuura (iyo yakashumwawo muNew Millennium zvinyorwa zvechigadzirwa).
Hapana yekuyedza yatinotaura pano (kusiri kuyedzwa kwedu kana Envirotek kuyedzwa kana Los Angeles County Laboratory's New Millennium kondirakiti yekuyedza) inosangana nekuoma kweNSF/ANSI kuyedzwa. Kunyanya, NSF/ANSI yaida kuti rudzi rwesefa inoshandiswa naBerkey inofanira kupfuura zvakapetwa kaviri kugona kwesefa iyo mvura yetsvina iri kuyerwa isati yatora zviyero. Kunyange bvunzo dzese dzatinobvumirana neNew Millennium dziri, sekuziva kwedu, dzakakwana uye nehunyanzvi, imwe neimwe inoshandisa yayo, isinganyanyi kushanda nesimba. Sezvo pasina imwe yebvunzo yakaitwa kune yakazara NSF / ANSI zviyero, isu hatina nzira yakajeka yekunyatso enzanisa zvabuda kana kuenzanisa kuita kwese kweBurkey sefa kune zvatakaedza kare.
Imwe nharaunda umo munhu ari wose akabvuma yakanga iri mukubvisa mutobvu mumvura yokunwa, uko kwakaratidza kuti Big Berkey akaita basa rakanaka rokubvisa heavy metal. Saka kana uine dambudziko rinozivikanwa nemutobvu kana mamwe masimbi mumvura yako, zvingave zvakakodzera kutarisa muBig Berks seyero yenguva pfupi.
Pamusoro pekuomerwa kwekuenzanisa mhedzisiro yerabhoritari inopokana, New Millennium Concepts haina kupindura kune dzakawanda zvikumbiro zvekubvunzurudza kuti tikurukure zvatakawana. Pakazere, mishumo yedu inotipa kunzwisiswa kusina kujeka kweBerkey's masisitimu, izvo zvisiri izvo kune vamwe vazhinji vanogadzira mafirita.
Pakusefa mvura kwemazuva ese, chirongo chakasimbiswa cheNSF/ANSI uye mafirita ari pasi-pasi idiki, zviri nyore, zvakachipa kutenga nekuchengetedza, uye zviri nyore kushandisa. Ivo zvakare vanopa kuzvidavirira kwakabatana nekuzvimiririra uye kwakajeka kuyedzwa.
Ramba uchifunga kuti masisitimu mazhinji emvura akachengeteka, saka kunze kwekunge iwe uchiziva kuti pane dambudziko munharaunda, haungade kusefa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehutano. Kana kugadzirira kwekukurumidzira kuri kunetsa zvakanyanya kwauri, funga mazano kubva kugwaro redu rekugadzirira emergency, iro rinosanganisira zvigadzirwa uye matipi ekuchengetedza mvura yakachena ichiwanikwa.
Kubva 2016, ndakatarisa gwara redu kune mafirita emvura, kusanganisira mapitcher uye pasi-kunyura masisitimu. John Holecek aimbove muongorori weNOAA anga achitiitira mhepo uye mvura yemhando yekuongorora kubva 2014. Akagadzira mhinduro dzebvunzo uye akashanda nemalabhu akazvimirira achimiririra Wirecutter kunyora gwaro iri uye pitcher sefa gwara. EnviroMatrix Analytical inotenderwa neCalifornia Dhipatimendi rePublic Health kuti igare ichiyedza mvura yekunwa.
Big Berkey filtration systems nemamwe masisitimu akafanana kubva kuAlexapure neProOne (yaimbova Propur) yakakurumbira pakati pevanhu vanovimba nemvura yemutsime, iyo inogona kunge iine zvinosvibisa zvingangobviswa neminisiparati yekuchenesa mvura. Burkey zvakare ine yakakura inotevera pakati penyanzvi dzekugadzirira njodzi uye vanopokana nehurumende. 1 Vatengesi veBerkey vanoshambadza masisitimu aya semidziyo yekuchengetedza yekukurumidzira, uye nekumwe fungidziro vanogona kupa mvura yekunwa yakasefa kusvika kuvanhu zana nemakumi manomwe pazuva.
Chero chingave chikonzero chekufarira kwako Berkey kana chero imwe mvura yekusefa system, isu tinofanirwa kusimbisa kuti mvura zhinji yemanisipala muUnited States yakachena kwazvo kutanga. Hapana sefa inogona kubvisa zvinosvibisa zvisati zvavepo, saka kunze kwekunge uine dambudziko rinozivikanwa, haungade sefa zvachose.
Vagadziri veBig Berkey vanoti mudziyo unogona kubvisa zvinopfuura zana zvinosvibisa (zvizhinji kupfuura chero imwe giravhiti-inodyiswa sefa yatakaongorora). Sezvo sefa iyi isina certified yeNSF/ANSI (kusiyana nemamwe ese mafirita atinokurudzira mune mamwe magwara), hatina hwaro hwakasimba hwekuienzanisa nemamwe mafirita atakamboedza kare. Saka takasarudza kuita bvunzo dzakazvimirira kuyedza kudzokorora mamwe emhedzisiro iyi.
Kuti aedze zvichemo izvi, sezvakaita bvunzo yecanister, John Holecek akagadzira yaakadana kuti "dambudziko rekugadzirisa" uye akamhanyisa kuburikidza neBig Berkey system (yakashongedzerwa neBlack Berkey sefa). Akazotumira sampuli dzemhinduro uye mvura yakasefa kuEnviroMatrix Analytical, rabhoritari yakazvimirira yakatenderwa neHurumende yeCalifornia, kuti iongororwe. Kuti aite bvunzo yeBig Burkey, akagadzirira mhinduro mbiri: imwe ine huwandu hukuru hwemutobvu wakanyungudika, uye imwe iine chloroform. Ivo vanozopa zano rekushanda kwese kwesefa zvine chekuita nesimbi inorema uye organic komisheni.
John akagadzirira masampuli ekudzora kusangana kana kudarika kusvibiswa kwehuwandu hunotsanangurwa muNSF/ANSI certification (150 µg/L yemutobvu uye 300 µg/L yechloroform). Maererano neBerkey dhayi bvunzo (vhidhiyo), mushure mekusimbisa kuti sefa yakaiswa uye ichishanda nemazvo, akamhanyisa garoni yemhinduro yakasvibiswa kuburikidza neBerkey uye akarasa filtrate (mvura uye chero chinhu chipi zvacho chaipfuura nepasefa). Kuyera mhinduro yakasvibiswa, akasefa yakazara marita maviri emvura kuburikidza neBurkey, akabvisa sampu yekudzora kubva pagallon yechipiri, uye akaunganidza maviri ebvunzo masampuli efiltrate kubva mairi. Kudzora uye leachate samples dzakazotumirwa kuEnviroMatrix Analytical yekuongororwa. Nekuti chloroform inonyanya kushanduka uye "inoda" kunyungudika uye kusanganisa nemamwe makomisheni aripo, John anosanganisa chloroform mumushonga unosvibisa nguva pfupi isati yasefa.
EnviroMatrix Analytical inoshandisa gasi chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) kuyera chloroform uye chero ipi zvayo inoputika organic compounds (kana VOCs). Musoro wemukati wakayerwa uchishandisa inductively yakabatanidzwa plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) maererano neEPA Method 200.8.
Mhedzisiro yeEnviroMatrix Analytical inopesana uye inotsigira zvishoma zvichemo zveNew Millennium. Berkey mafirita matema haashande pakubvisa chloroform. Kune rumwe rutivi, vanoita basa rakanaka zvikuru rokuderedza mutobvu. (Ona chikamu chinotevera kuti uwane mibairo izere.)
Takagovera zvawanikwa mulabhu yedu naJamie Young, chiremba wemakemikari uye muridzi/mushandi weNew Jersey ine rezinesi rekuongorora mvura rabhoritari (yaizivikanwa panguva iyoyo seEnvirotek) inodzorwa neNew Millennium Concepts (musiki weBig Berkey system) yakagadzwa muna 2014. kuzviedza kwako pachako. Iyi iBlack Berkey sefa. 2 Vechidiki vakasimbisa zvatakawana nechloroform uye lead.
New Millennium yakapa mimwe miedzo munguva yakapfuura, kusanganisira imwe muna 2012 yakaitwa neLos Angeles County Agricultural Commissioner/Dhipatimendi reWeights uye Measures Environmental Toxicology Laboratory; mumushumo uyu, chloroform (PDF) yakanyorwa seBlack Berkey maererano nedhipatimendi zviyero (EPA, kwete imwe yetsvina yakabviswa neNSF/ANSI). Mushure mekuyedzwa muna 2012, basa retoxicology rakaendeswa kuLos Angeles Dhipatimendi reHutano Hwevanhu. Takabata DPH uye vakasimbisa kuti chirevo chepakutanga chaive chokwadi. Asi New Millennium yakatsanangura kuyedzwa kweMudiki se "raundi razvino" uye mhedzisiro yake ndiyo ichangoburwa yakanyorwa muBirkey Water Knowledge Base, iyo New Millennium inoramba ichinyora mhinduro dzebvunzo uye kupindura mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa pawebhusaiti yakazvimirira.
Wirecutter, Mudiki uye Los Angeles County's yekuyedza mapuroteni haaenderane. Uye sezvo pasina mumwe wavo anosangana nezviyero zveNSF/ANSI, isu hatina hwaro hwekuenzanisa mhedzisiro.
Nekudaro, maonero edu ese eBig Berkey system haaenderane zvakanyanya nemhedzisiro yebvunzo dzedu. Iyo Big Berkey iri nyore kushandisa uye inodhura-inoshanda zvekuti isu tinokurudzira yenguva dzose giravhiti-yakadyiswa kanister sefa yevaverengi vazhinji, kunyangwe iyo Berkey ichiita zvese New Millennium inoti inogona kuita sefa.
Isu tinochekawo kuvhura akati wandei eBlack Berkey mafirita kuti tione kuti anovakwa sei uye nekutsvaga humbowo hwekuti ane “angangoita” matanhatu akasiyana mafirita, sekutaura kunoita dhipatimendi rekushambadzira reBerkey. Takaona kuti nepo Berkey sefa iri hombe uye mutete kupfuura mafirita eBrita ne3M Filtrete, anoita seaine mafirita akafanana: activated carbon inregnated neion exchange resin.
Berkey filtration systems inowira muchikamu chikuru chegravity-fed filters. Zvishandiso izvi zviri nyore zvinoshandisa simba rinokwevera mvura kubva mukamuri repamusoro kuburikidza nesefa yakanaka yemambure; mvura yakanatswa inounganidzwa mukamuri rezasi uye inogona kugoverwa kubva ipapo. Iyi inzira inoshanda uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya, iyo mafirita emagaba ndiwo muenzaniso wakajairika.
Masefa eBerkey anoshanda zvakanyanya mukurapa mvura yekunwa yakasvibiswa nemutobvu. Mukuyedzwa kwedu, vakadzikisa nhanho dzekutungamira kubva pa170 µg/L kuenda ku0.12 µg/L chete, iyo inodarika zvakanyanya zvinodiwa neNSF/ANSI certification yekudzikisa nhanho dzekutungamira kubva pa150 µg/L kuenda ku10 µg/L kana pasi.
Asi mumayedzo edu nechloroform, iyo Black Berkey sefa yaita zvisina kunaka, ichidzikisa chloroform zvirimo muyedzo sample negumi netatu chete, kubva pa150 µg/L kusvika 130 µg/L. NSF/ANSI inoda kudzikiswa ne95% kubva pa300 µg/L kusvika pa15 µg/L kana pasi. (Yedu yekuyedza mhinduro yakagadziridzwa kune NSF/ANSI mwero we300 µg/L, asi kushanduka kwechloroform kunoreva kuti inokurumidza kuumba makomisheni matsva kana kubuda, saka uwandu hwayo hunodonha kusvika pa150 µg/L painoedzwa. Asi EnviroMatrix Analytical test zvakare zvinotora (mamwe makemikari emuchadenga anogona kugadzirwa nechloroform, saka tinotenda kuti mhedzisiro yacho ndeyechokwadi.) Jamie Young, ane rezinesi. mainjiniya ekuyedza mvura kubva kuNew Jersey akaita danho rekupedzisira rekuyedza New Millennium Concepts, akaitawo zvisizvo nechloroform kubva kuBlack Berkey sefa.
Nekudaro, New Millennium Concepts inotaura pabhokisi resefa kuti iyo Black Berkey sefa inoderedza chloroform ne99.8% kusvika "pasi pemarabhoritari anoonekwa miganhu." (Nhamba iyi inoita seinobva pabvunzo dzakaitwa neLos Angeles County Laboratory muna 2012. Miedzo [PDF] inowanikwa muBerkey Water knowledge base, yakabatana ne(asi isiri chikamu che) nzvimbo huru yeBerkey.)
Kuti zvive pachena, isu, Envirotek, kana Los Angeles County hatina kudzokorora iyo yese NSF/ANSI Standard 53 protocol inoshandiswa kune giravhiti mafirita seBlack Berkey.
Kwatiri isu, takaita bvunzo yemurabhoritari mushure mekunge Black Berkeys yasefa magaroni akati wandei emhinduro yakagadzirirwa kuNSF/ANSI reference concentration. Asi NSF/ANSI certification inoda mafirita anodyiswa simba kuti akwanise kumira zvakapetwa kaviri kuyerera kwawo kwehuwandu asati aedzwa. Kune iyo Black Berkey sefa, zvinoreva 6,000 magaroni.
Kufanana nesu, Jamie Mudiki akagadzirira mhinduro yebvunzo kuNSF/ANSI Standard 53, asi haina kupfuura neiyo yakazara Standard 53 protocol, iyo yaida 6,000 magaloni emhinduro inosvibisa inoshandiswa neBlack Berries kuti ipfuure nepasefa. Akashuma kuti mumiedzo yake sefa yakaitawo zvakanaka nemutobvu, izvo zvakasimbisa zvatakawana. Nekudaro, akati ivo havachasangana neNSF yekubvisa zviyero mushure mekusefa anenge 1,100 galoni-inongopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheNew Millennium yainzi 3,000-gallon lifespan yeBlack Berkey sefa.
Los Angeles County inotevera yakaparadzana EPA protocol umo imwe chete 2-litre yemuenzaniso mhinduro inopfuura nepasefa. Kusiyana nesu neVadiki, dunhu rakaona kuti iyo Black Berkey sefa yakabvisa chloroform kuyedza zviyero, mune iyi kesi yakakura kupfuura 99.8%, kubva pa250 µg/L kusvika isingasviki 0.5 µg/L.
Mhedzisiro isingaenderane kubva mukuyedzwa kwedu kana ichienzaniswa neaya kubva kumalabhu maviri akatumwa naBurkey anoita kuti tisazeze kukurudzira iyi sefa, kunyanya kana iwe uchinge wawana dzimwe sarudzo dzakazvimiririra dzakazvimiririra dzinogadzirisa iyi mibvunzo yakavhurika.
Pakazere, ruzivo rwedu rwekuyedza runotsigira chinzvimbo chedu: tinokurudzira mafirita emvura ane NSF/ANSI certification, nepo Berkey asina chitupa chakadaro. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo NSF/ANSI certification zviyero zvakaomesesa uye zviri pachena: chero munhu anogona kuzviverenga pawebhusaiti yeNSF. Marabhoritari akazvimirira akatenderwa kuongororwa kweNSF/ANSI certification iwo pachawo anotenderwa. Patakanyora nezvegwaro iri, takataura neNSF tikadzidza kuti zvaizoda mari inodarika miriyoni imwe kuita bvunzo dzezvitupa zvezvinhu zvese zvinonzi New Millennium Concepts inobvisa Black Berkey sefa. New Millennium yakati inotenda kuti NSF certification haina basa, ichitaura mutengo sechimwe chikonzero haisati yaita bvunzo.
Asi kunyangwe zvisineyi nekuita kwesefa chaiko, kune matambudziko akakwana nesefa iyi zvekuti zviri nyore kwatiri kuti tikurudzire imwe yedzimwe sarudzo dzedu dzesefa yemvura tisati tarumbidza Big Berkey. Chekutanga, iyo Berkey system inodhura zvakanyanya kutenga nekuchengetedza kupfuura chero sefa yatinokurudzira. Kusiyana nemasefa atinokurudzira, iyo Berkey yakakura uye inoyevedza. Yakagadzirwa kuti iiswe patabletop. Asi sezvo yakareba 19 inches, haikwane pasi pemakabati mazhinji emadziro, ayo anowanzo kuisirwa 18 inches pamusoro pe countertop. Iyo Berkey zvakare zvakareba kuti ikwane akawanda mafiriji magadzirirwo. Nenzira iyi, iwe haugone kuchengetedza mvura muBerkey ichitonhora (izvo zviri nyore kuita nemufambisi wechikepe wedu nefirita). New Millennium Concepts inopa 5-inch bracket kuita kuti zvive nyore kukwidza gogi pasi peBig Berkey pombi, asi aya mabhuraketi anodhura zvakanyanya uye anowedzera hurefu kune yatove yakareba unit.
Mumwe munyori weWirecutter aimbove muridzi weBig Berkey akanyora nezvechakaitika chake, kuti: “Kunze kweidi rokuti mudziyo wacho wakakura zvinosetsa, tangi repamusoro rinogona kuzara nyore nyore kana ukakanganwa kudurura tangi repasi. inorema zvishoma uye yakakura uye inotanga kusefa ipapo ipapo. Saka unotozoisimudza kuti iwane nzvimbo yekabhoni sefa (iyo yakareba uye isina kusimba) woiisa mudhishi rezasi isati yatanga kudonhera pasi kana pakaunda. “
Imwe Wirecutter mupepeti yaive neBig Berkey (ine kambani inotsiviwa ceramic sefa) asi nekukasira yakamira kuishandisa. “Chaive chipo chakabva kune mumwe wangu nekuti ndakaona imwe kumba kweshamwari yangu ndikafunga kuti mvura yainge yabuda inonaka,” akadaro. “Kugara nomumwe yaiva nyaya yakasiyana zvachose. Nzvimbo yecountertop, yese yakachinjika uye yakatwasuka, yaive hombe uye isingaite. Uye singi yokubikira yataigara yaiva duku zvokuti raiva basa kuchenesa.”
Isu tinoonawo varidzi vazhinji vachinyunyuta nezve algae uye bhakitiriya kukura uye, kazhinji, mucus muGreat Berkies yavo. New Millenium Concepts inoziva dambudziko iri uye inokurudzira kuwedzera Berkey Biofilm Drops kumvura yakasefa. Iyi inyaya yakakomba zvekuti vatengesi vazhinji veBerkey vakatsaurira peji rese kwairi.
Vatengesi vakawanda vanobvuma kuti kukura kwebhakitiriya kunogona kuva dambudziko, asi kazhinji vanoti ichaonekwa mushure memakore mashomanana ekushandiswa, asi izvi hazvisizvo nevapepeti vedu. “Zvakatanga mugore risingasviki,” akadaro. “Mvura yacho inonaka, uye makamuri okumusoro neezasi anotanga kunhuwa mavhu. Ini ndinoichenesa kwazvo, ndosuka masefa uye ndoabvisa kuti asvike kune zvese zvidiki zvinongedzo, uye ita chokwadi chekugeza mukati mepombi. Mumazuva maviri kana matatu. Mushure memazuva mashoma kunhuwa kwemvura kwakabva kwatanga kunyorova zvakare. Ndakazogumisira ndamisa Birki uye ndakarwadziwa.”
Kuti ubvise zvachose algae uye utachiona slime kubva kuBlack Berkey sefa, chenesa pasi neScotch-Brite, ita zvimwechete pamusoro nepasi pemvura, uye pakupedzisira shandisa bleach solution kuburikidza nesefa. Zvinoda kuchengetedzwa kwakawanda kune chimwe chinhu chakagadzirirwa kuita kuti vanhu vanzwe vakachengeteka pamusoro pemvura yavo.
Kana iwe uine hanya nezvekugadzirira njodzi uye uchida kuve nechokwadi chekuti une mvura yakachena iripo panguva yekukurumidzira, tinokurudzira kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza mvura mune yedu Emergency Preparedness Guide. Kana iwe uchingoda sefa yakanaka yepombi yemvura, tinokurudzira kutsvaga sefa yakasimbiswa yeNSF/ANSI, senge madhairekitori edu kune Yakanakisa Mvura Sefa Pitchers uye Akanakisisa Pasi Pekunyura Mvura Mafirita.
Masefa mazhinji egiravhiti anoshandisa zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana kubvisa zvinosvibisa kubva mumvura. Activated carbon adsorbs kana kemikari inosunga organic compounds, kusanganisira mafuta uye petroleum-based solvents, mishonga yezvipembenene yakawanda uye mishonga yakawanda yemishonga. Ion exchange resins inobvisa simbi zhinji dzakanyungudutswa kubva mumvura, ichitsiva simbi inorema (se lead, mecury uye cadmium) neyakareruka, kazhinji isingakuvadzi simbi inorema (senge sodium, iyo chikamu chikuru chetafura munyu).
Kusarudzwa kwedu kwepitcher mafirita (kubva kuBrita) uye pasi-kunyura mafirita (kubva ku3M Filtrete) akagadzirwa nenzira iyi. New Millennium Concepts haiburitse kuti Black Berkey sefa inogadzirwa nei, asi vatengesi vakati wandei vanorumbidza dhizaini yayo, kusanganisira TheBerkey.com: "Yedu yeBlack Berkey sefa chinhu chinogadzirwa kubva mukubatanidzwa kweanodarika matanhatu akasiyana midhiya. Formula yacho ine marudzi akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira emhando yepamusoro coconut shell kabhoni, ese akaiswa mune akanyatso compact matrix ane mamirioni emapores asingaoneki. " Patakacheka kuita mafirita eBlack Berkey, akagadzirwa nemaion akapinzwa ane activated carbon blocks achitsinhanisa resin. Jamie Young anosimbisa kucherechedza uku.
Tim Heffernan munyori mukuru anonyanya hunyanzvi hwemweya nemvura uye simba repamba. Aimbova mupiro weThe Atlantic, Popular Mechanics nemamwe magazini enyika, akabatana neWirecutter muna 2015. Ane mabhasikoro matatu uye zero gears.
Aya mafirita emvura, mapitcher uye madhishi anopihwa certification yekubvisa zvinosvibisa uye kugadzirisa kunaka kwemvura yekunwa mumba mako.
Mushure mekuedza matsime gumi nematatu emvura yemhuka (uye kushandura imwe kuita toyi yekutsenga), takawana Katsi Ruva Tsime rakanakira katsi zhinji (nedzimwe imbwa).
Wirecutter ndiyo New York Times 'chigadzirwa chekurudziro sevhisi. Vatori venhau vedu vanosanganisa tsvakiridzo yakazvimirira ne (dzimwe nguva) kuyedza kwakasimba kuti ikubatsire kuita sarudzo yekutenga nekukurumidza uye nechivimbo. Ungave uchitsvaga zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro kana kutsvaga mazano anobatsira, tichakubatsira kuwana mhinduro chaidzo (kekutanga).