Osmosis chiitiko apo mvura yakachena inoyerera kubva mu diluted solution ichipinda mu semi-permeable membrane ichienda kune higher concentrated solution. Semi-permeable zvinoreva kuti membrane inobvumidza mamorekuru madiki nemaion kuti apfuure nepakati payo asi inoshanda sechipingamupinyi kumamorekuru makuru kana zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa. Reverse Osmosis inzira yeOsmosis in reverse. Mhinduro isina concentrated yakawanda inenge iine tsika yekufamba ichienda kune solution ine concentration yakawanda.

Sisitimu yeReverse Osmosis Inoshanda Sei?

Reverse osmosis inzira inobvisa tsvina yekunze, zvinhu zvakasimba, mamorekuru makuru nemaminerari kubva mumvura nekushandisa kudzvanya kuti ipfuure nepakati pema membranes akasarudzika. Iyi inzira yekuchenesa mvura inoshandiswa kuvandudza mvura yekunwa, yekubika uye mamwe mashandisirwo akakosha.

Kana pasina kumanikidzwa kwemvura, mvura yakachena (mvura ine huwandu hushoma) inocheneswa ne osmosis inoenda mumvura ine huwandu hwakawanda. Mvura inosundirwa nepakati pe membrane inopindika zvishoma. Iyi membrane filter ine maburi akawanda, madiki se 0.0001 microns, anogona kusefa anenge 99% yezvinosvibisa zvakaita semabhakitiriya (anenge -1 micron), utsi hwefodya (0.07 micron_, mavhairasi (0.02-0.04 micron), nezvimwewo. Uye mamorekuru emvura yakachena chete ndiwo anopinda nepakati payo.

Kucheneswa kwemvura kweReverse Osmosis kunogona kusefa zvicherwa zvese zvinobatsira zvinodiwa nemiviri yedu, asi tekinoroji inoshanda uye yakasimbiswa yekugadzira mvura yakachena uye yakachena, yakakodzera kunwiwa. Sisitimu yeRO inofanira kupa makore mazhinji emvura yakachena kwazvo, saka unogona kuinwa usinganetseke.

Sei sefa ye membrane ichishanda pakuchenesa mvura?

Kazhinji, michina yekuchenesa mvura yakagadzirwa kusvika pari zvino inonyanya kuiswa muzvikamu zviviri: nzira yekusefa isina membrane uye nzira yekuchenesa mvura ye reverse osmosis uchishandisa membrane.

Kusefa kwefirita isina membrane kunowanzoitwa nefirita yekabhoni, iyo inosefa kuravira kwakashata, kunhuwa, chlorine, nezvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu mumvura yepombi. Zvidimbu zvakawanda, zvakaita sezvinhu zvisingasanganisike, simbi dzinorema, makemikari eorganic uye kenza, hazvigone kubviswa uye kupfuudzwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, nzira yekuchenesa mvura yeReverse osmosis uchishandisa membrane ndiyo nzira inonyanya kufarirwa pasi rose yekuchenesa mvura uchishandisa membrane inopindika mumvura yakagadzirwa netekinoroji yeinjiniya yepolymer. Inzira yekuchenesa mvura inopfuura nekuparadzanisa uye kubvisa zvicherwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingasanganisike, simbi dzinorema, mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, uye zvinhu zvine radioactive zviri mumvura yepombi kuti zvigadzire mvura yakachena.

Mugumisiro wacho ndewekuti solute inochengetwa parutivi rwakamanikidzwa rwemembrane uye solvent yakachena inobvumirwa kupfuura ichienda kune rimwe divi. Kuti ive "inosarudza", membrane iyi haifanirwe kubvumira mamorekuru makuru kana maion kuburikidza nemaburi (maburi), asi inofanira kubvumira zvikamu zvidiki zvemhinduro (senge mamorekuru esolvent, kureva, mvura, H2O) kuti zvipfuure zvakasununguka.

Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika pano muCalifornia, uko kuomarara kwakanyanya mumvura yepombi. Saka sei usingafarire mvura yakachena uye yakachengeteka ine reverse osmosis system?

Sefa yeR/O Membrane

Mukutanga kwema1950, Dr. Sidney Loeb wekuUCLA vakagadzira reverse osmosis (RO) nekugadzira, pamwe chete naSrinivasa Sourirajan, semi-permeable anisotropic membranes. Artificial osmosis membranes dzakagadzirirwa zvakananga semi-permeable membranes dzine maburi e0.0001 microns, imwe yemiriyoni yeukobvu hwebvudzi. Iyi membrane ifirita yakakosha yakagadzirwa ne polymer engineering tekinoroji iyo isina chepfu yemakemikari pamwe nemabhakitiriya nemavhairasi inogona kupfuura nepakati.

Kana mvura yakasviba yaiswa simba kuti ipfuure nepa membrane iyi yakakosha, makemikari ane huremu hwakawanda, akadai semvura ye lime yakanyungudutswa mumvura, uye makemikari ane huremu hwakawanda akadai se lime, yakanyungudutswa mumvura, anopfuudzwa nepa membrane inonyungudutswa nemvura chete ine huremu hudiki hwe molecular uye oxygen yakanyungudutswa uye zvisaririra zve organic minerals. Akagadzirwa kuti abudiswe mu membrane nekumanikidzwa kwemvura itsva isingapfuure nepa membrane inonyungudutswa uye inoramba ichisundira mukati.

Mugumisiro wacho ndewekuti solute inochengetwa parutivi rwakamanikidzwa rwemembrane uye solvent yakachena inobvumirwa kupfuura ichienda kune rimwe divi. Kuti ive "inosarudza", membrane iyi haifanirwe kubvumira mamorekuru makuru kana maion kuburikidza nemaburi (maburi), asi inofanira kubvumira zvikamu zvidiki zvemhinduro (senge mamorekuru esolvent, kureva, mvura, H2O) kuti zvipfuure zvakasununguka.

Matumbu, ayo akatangwa kushandiswa pakurapa, akagadzirwa kuhondo yehondo kana kupa varwi mvura yakachena, isina kusvibiswa yekunwa, uye kuwedzera kuchenesa weti yemuchadenga inounganidzwa kana zviitiko zvisingatarisirwi zvikaitika panguva yekuongorora muchadenga. Ari kushandiswa mundege yekunwa mvura, uye munguva pfupi yapfuura, makambani makuru ezvinwiwa ari kushandisa michina mikuru yekuchenesa mvura yekugadzira mabhodhoro, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yekuchenesa mvura yemumba.